Deutsche Lieder für Jung und Alt (known informally as “Klein & Groos” in honor of its music editors) was published in Berlin in 1818. It consisted of 121 monophonic songs compiled by young men of the Turnverein movement, who practiced an energetic form of exercise, advocated a return to “old German” ways, and supported the struggle against Napoleon. In the 1820s, Anton Gersbach supplemented his copy of the songbook with handwritten additions. These include sixty-two items, mostly songs for multi...